Bariatric surgery requires lifelong adherence to behavior modification including mineral and vitamin supplementation. While some weight loss procedures pose a greater risk of nutritional deficiencies postoperatively than others, none provide 100% immunity. Decreased portion sizes, difficulty tolerating certain foods and food groups, and malabsorption are the main reasons for vitamin-mineral supplementation. The following are the most current vitamin and mineral recommendations from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery following weight loss procedures.

Fiber is an essential nutrient and should be consumed on a daily basis as many American diets are lacking in fiber. After bariatric surgery many high fiber foods are difficult to tolerate, thus placing the individual at a greater risk of inadequate fiber intake. Due to lack of fiber, problems with regular bowel movements may develop.